![]() The size and scope of some of the projects can be tremendous and important for nation building such as construction of Subway systems for underground highways, Railways & mass transport, hydroelectric installations, water diversion system etc. In modern days, underground hard rock excavation and Tunneling is highly specialized type of work requiring very special type of explosives and drilling & blasting techniques. In India excavations at Ajanta and Ellora are the best-known examples. INTRODUCTION: For centuries mankind has excavated caverns and tunnels in the earth for a myriad of uses. At the same time, the author discussed the theory of blast induced ground vibration during tunneling and to control such adverse effect. This has many advantages like, less rock damage to achieve greater stability and requirement of less ground support, safer tunneling operation as less scaling is required, less over break makes a smoother hydraulic surface for an unlined tunnel and less concrete required to fill excess void created by over break. Regarding controlled blasting for carrying out ideal blast in tunnel, i.e., to blast in such a way that minimum of damage to the rock that remains and a minimum of over break is made. In this article the author tried to discuss the best possible explosives available for undertaking such a important job (i.e., Emulsion Explosives and its superiority over other form of explosives available) and various blast designs, sequence of excavation, types of strata encountered and steps required for its control, sequence of delays to be used in blasting etc. The blasting engineers ultimate challenge is to provide desired fragmentation with sufficient advance / progress and at the same time keeping ground vibration level within limit as per prevailing law. TUNNEL BLASTING – EMULSION EXPLOSIVES AND PROPER BLAST DESIGN ARE THE PREREQUISITE FOR BETTER EFFICIENCY By: Partha Das Sharma ABSTRACT Construction of Subway systems for underground highways, Railways & mass transport, hydroelectric installations, water diversion system etc are some of the most important Infrastructure projects for any country. ![]()
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